Automobiles are a type of land transportation that is powered by an internal combustion engine and fueled by a volatile fuel. They are usually four-wheeled, and they are primarily used for passenger transport. In modern times, they have become a major contributor to air pollution and climate change. They also lead to the depletion of natural resources like fossil fuels.

The automobile revolutionized the American way of life in the first half of the 20th century. Families could go on vacations that were never possible before the car’s invention. Urban dwellers could rediscover pristine landscapes, and rural residents could shop in cities. Teenagers got a taste of independence, and couples were able to drive around in their own personal space and enjoy each other’s company.

Karl Benz invented the modern automobile in 1885. He built a prototype that ran on a four-stroke, internal combustion engine. He called his creation the Benz Patent-Motorwagen. The first model cost a fortune to own, but Henry Ford revolutionized the manufacturing process and made the price more reasonable so that ordinary people could afford an automobile.

The design of an automobile depends on its intended purpose. Automobiles that are designed for off-road use must have durable and simple systems that are resistant to severe overloads and extreme operating conditions. On the other hand, vehicles that are designed for high-speed road systems must offer improved passenger comfort options and optimized vehicle stability and handling at higher speeds. Aesthetic considerations are also important, since the appearance of a vehicle has a significant impact on its marketability.